Internal-combustion tool.



G. DURYEA L M. G. WHITE.

INTERNAL GOMBUSTIO TOOL.

APPLIOATION FILED mme, loos. BENBWBD Nov. 4, 1912. 1,063,666.

Patented June 3, 1913.

ms e5 0.0. DURYEA & M. C. WHITE.

INTERNAL GOMBUSTION TOOL.

190s. BBNEWBD Nov. 4, 1912.

` I. x APPLICATION FILED AUG. 6, 1,068,666.

Patented June 3, 1913.

0. C. DURYBA & M. C. WHITE INTERNAL GOMBUSTION TOOL.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. s, 190s. RBNBWBD Nov. 4, 1912.

Patented June 3, 1913.

@SHEETS-SHEET 3.

o. 6. 111111111111l 6 M. G'. WHITE...

INTERNAL GOMBUSTION TOOL. PPLIOATION FILED 1116.6, 1908. BENBWBD Nov. 4,1912.

Patented June 3, 1913.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4- gira/ess e5 entran srArEs PATENT onirica.

OTHO C. DUR-YEA AND MORRIS C. WHITE,

OIF-LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNORS 0F ONE-TENTH TO JAMES It.TOWNSEND, 0F LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA. l

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION TOOL.

To all' wim/u. it may concern.'

'-Di'nrm and Mouais CoLiiMBUS VHITE, both citizens'of the United States,residing at Los Angeles, inthe county ofLos Angeles and State ofCalifornia, have invented a new and useful Internal-Combustion Tool, ofwhich the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to improvement in the construction ofinternalcombustion rock-drills, hammers and other tools of the generalnature which perform work through impact or pressure by power generated1nv the tool. l

One of our objects is to provide an internal-combustion too'l of animproved construction which renders it particularly easy to regulate atwill the .force of the blows of its work- )crforniing member, as well asthe force, if desired, with'which said member is retracted betweenblows.

Another object is to provide an internal` combustion tool so constructedthat it may be emploi-'ed with great advantage and econ-v omy inconnection with compressed air supplying apparatus of pneumatic drill,or

Aother plantshand in place of the purely pneumatically-operatec -toolshitherto employed in this connection.

Still another object is to provide a tool, such as a drill or hammer,4which may be Worked as a pneumatic tool, by the force of air generatedat a compressor, particularly during the initial operations, and thenworked as an intcrilal-combustion tool, requiring therefor air under alpressure and volume much less than is necessary for o erating the devicesimply as a pneumatic tool.

The accompanying' drawings illustrate the invention in one form ofembodiment.

Figure 1 is a plan of a pneumatic tool adapted to be used as arock-drill embodying the principles of our invention. Parts are brokento show the pressure-regulator. Fig. 2 is an axial section on line rc2,Figs. 1, 3, 6 and T. Fig. 3 is a transverse section on line ma, Figs. 1,2 and 4. Fig. 4 is a broken alan section on plane indicated by`-w,11ige. 2 and 3, to show the ports and the controlling-valve action. Fig.5 isan en'- larged detail of one of the pressure-regulatgr valves and ofthe igniters on the same plane as Fig. 4. showing a. different positionof parts. Figa 6 is a section ou tine o, in

spcification of Letters Patent. Application led August 6, 1908, SerialNo. 447,316.

Patented June 3, 1913. lRenewed November 4, 1912. Serial No. 729,468.

l Ifigs. 2, 4 and 5. Fig. `7 is a section on the l line ad, in Figs. 2,4 and 5. Figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11 are diagrammatic views showing the pathsof the 'compressed `air and explosive mixture, the automatic valves, thepressureregulators, and the igniters, for the purpose of 'showing theirchanging positions and their coperation.

.The tool shown in the drawings is provided with a shell l; cylinder 2slidingly vmounted thereon; feed-screw 3 connecting the cross-head a ofthe shell to the nut Z) of the cylinder; feed-handle 4; piston-md5;chuclt 6 for holding the drill or Work-pert`0rm1ng member; piston-heads7, 8, connected by a rifle-bar 9 working through a ratchet-clutch 10;.duplicate inlet-ports 11, 12; spool-valve 13 to supply the same; tappet14 operable by the piston-heads to operate said valve intermittingly,and au airport 15 to deliver air from a source o' compressed air to thespool-valve. All these parts are similar to the parts of a commonpneumatic tool.

16 designates fuel-supplying means introduced in the air-line 17 thatsupplies the spool-valve 13. The fuel-supplying means may be variouslyconstructed.v The -form shown in the drawings is at vpresent deemedpreferable for general use. Air alone, entering the port 15 under aheadof pressure necessarily provided in purely pneumatic 5 and perform thework of a pneumatic tool without interference from the additional`featii1'es,'hereinafter described, Which We have provided for thepurpose of converting the device into an internal-combustion tool.-These additional features, as illusy trated in the drawings, consist,brieiy stated,

in a gasolene supplier interposed I line, a sparker, or electric.igniter, located vadjacent to the end of each cylinder, andsparker-actuating regulator-valves interposed in passages ext-endingbetween the main valve 13 and cylinder-ports 11 and 12. Theregulator-valves. are held normally closed, in the direction ofthesaid-main valve, by springs equipped With tensioning means underready control of the operator.` The pressure of the explosive mixtureentering at the port 15 must, at all .times in practice, exceedtheresistance against openm movement of the regulator-valves.

en, through the operation of the main rock-drill plants, Willreciprocate the shaft in the piperoti valve, the mixture is directedtoward one of.

the cylinders, the Huid-pressure is irst"exI erted against therespective regulator-valvev to open the passage to the cylinder wherebythe mixture ent-ers the cylinder. When the back-pressure of the fluid inthe cylinder exceeds the resistance of the. regulator-valve spring, thesaid valve' is given a further v movement by the incoming fluid-pressureThe cylinder exhaust-passage is also con# l haust-port, while in anyposition away from -normal it closes the exhaust-port.

whereby it closes the passage to the cylinder, thereby trapping thecharge 'in the cylinder.

trolled by the said regulator-va1v.e. In the normal position of theregulator-valve, to whichit is pressed by its spring toclose thecylinder-supply passage, it opens the ex- In the movement of theregulator-valve from its position of opening the supply passage to thecylinder to that of trapping the mixture ,y in the cylinder, it o cratesthe sparker to ignite the trapped c arge in the cylinder and produce anexplosion. The force of the explosion in each instance in eithercylinder depends upon the pressure of the. chargem the cylinder at thetime its sparker is oper.-

ated. This pressure is governed bythe respective regulator-valve spring,andmeans are provided whereby the tension of the springmay be varied bythe operator, at

will, to vary the force of the explosion. The.

force of each blow 4of the work-.performing member and the power appliedfor its return is thus under the direct control of the operator. I

18 is a receptacle provided with an eye- 19 by which the receptacle ishung on a nipple 2O that is screwed into a part of thecylinder intovalve-chamber 21, thusto carry gas mto said chamber along with the`compressed air. The compressed air is admitted tothe receptacle 18through the portlS to balance the pressure so that when the compressed-air passese through the co-nst-ricted opening 27 an atomizer isestablished to introduce the gas into the compressed air, said gas beingderived from gasolene, or the like, in the receptacle 18.

29 and 30 are electrical ignit-ers which may be' of the ordinarymake-and-break type, and are arranged in the ports 11 and l2 so that thesparking chambers will be scavenged and the' explosivemixture` will comein Contact with thefigmters and the -igniter-points will be surroundedby fresh explosive mixture at the time of ignition.

` 31 and 32 designate two pressure-regulating valves to control theports 11 and 12 respectively, which supply the explosionchambers 33 and34. Springs 35, 35, normally holdthe valves 31 and 32 in position toclose the ports 11 and 12.

36, 36', are forward and rear ports con! trolled by the main spoolwalve13 and leadlng to the regulator valvechambers 37, 37,

which communicate with the 'external 'air through exhaust-ports 38, 3Sthat are controlled by the pressure-regulating valves 31, 32.

Referring to Fig. 8,compresscd air is coming from the air-compressor 3S)through the air-line 17; the carbureter 16 is discharging gas into thecompressed air, and

-the explosive mixture is passing through the port 15 to 'the mainspool-valve chan1 ber 21. An explosion has just taken place in t-heforward explosion-chamber 33, while `the gas in said chamber was trappedby the pressure-regulating valve 31. The pistons 7 and 8 have movedbackwardly, bringing the piston 8 into the rear end of theexplosion-chamber 34. On the baclnvard movement the piston 7 has movedthe tappet. 14. to shift the main spool-valvc 13, and the .exhaust isnow passing from the explosionchamber 34 through the rear port. 12 andconduit 39, behind the regulator-valve 32, throughthe port 38.- Thepassage from the valve-chamber 21 to the forward port 36 is closed bythe spool-valve '13, and the passage from the Aexplosion-chamber throughtheforward portI 11 and conduit 40 to the port 36 is closed by theregulator'- valve 31.., The explosive mixture is passing through theport 15 toward the rear port 36', and is pressing against the forwardend of the regulator-valve 32 to overcome the tension of the spring 35'behind said valve.

Referring now to Figs. 2, 4 and 5, the valve-chambers 37, 37,.are boredfrom the outer. ends of the castings 41 and 42, and

cylinders 43 and 44 are titted i'nto these chambers from their outerends, being screwthreaded at 45 and 46 to connect the cylin- -ders tothe castings. The enlarged endpor tiens 47, 48 of the cylinders bearagainst the ends of the castings or tubes 41, 42 to insure theproperpositioning therein of the cylinders. The cylinders are shorterthan the bores in the castings, so as to leave the kinner ends .of thevalve-chambers 37, 37', enlarged. The ports 36, 36', lead to theseenlarged ends. In boring the chambers in the castings 41 and 42, annularenlargements 49 and 50 are formed in position to be covered by the innerends of the cylinl ders 43 and 44. These .enlargementsrespectively,communicate with thev conduits 3W and 40. Short distances outside ofthese enlargements 4t) and 50 are similar enlargements 51 and 52communicating with the eX- haust. ports 38 and 38. Slots are eut throughthe cylinders to communicate with the enlargements 49, 50, 51 and 52.The regulating valves 31 and 32 tit operatively within the cylinders 43and 44, said valves being of cylindrical. form and reduced .in diameterat two places to form two passages around each valve; viz.,`-t.hepassages 53, 54, to communicate through the slots with the enlargements49 and .50 andthe conduits 39 andv 4t); and the passages 55, 5G, tocommunicate through the slots with the enlargements 51 and and theexhaust-ports- The outer ends of the valves and are counterbored, therebeing hemispherical bearings bottoms and centers' of the counterbores toreceive the hemispherical heads on the connecting-rods 5S) and G0,operating l.die igniters 29 and 30. Caps G1 and (32 are slidinglymounted in the outer. ends otthe cylinders 43 and 44, there beingopenings through the heads of, the eaps'to allow the connectingrods tovibrate, and the'expansive coilsprings 35 and 35 are inserted betweenthe hemispherical heads upon the'.` connecting rods 5S) and t3() and thecaps (S1 and (32; said caps serving as seats for the. outer ends of thesprings, and saidheadf's serving as seats for the inner ends of thesprings; the torre ot' the vsprings being exerted to throw theregulatorfvalvees. .inwardl v, and saidi springs being Haring at theirputer ends to provide room for the vibration 'of the con.

necting-rods 5S) and G0. Sho-rt shafts G3 and 64 are mounted through onewall of the shell, and eccentrics 65 and (SG are fixed upon the'innerends of the shafts springs to expand.

the bores in the cylinders;` 43 Vand 44 are reduced in size. to formstops 75 and 76 to limit the outward motion of the regulatingf valves. if

ln Fig. 9 the continuedf'operation of the machine has progresseding-valve 32 is overcoming the and is moving said valve slightly So thatthe valve-face 77 between the opening-.54 and the inner end of the valveis in the en-` 57 and `58 at the.

' faces left in position to` engage the caps (31 and 62; and adjust-`caps t0n., valve 13. therebv are carried 4by the handles I shown in Fig.plates 73 and to hold the eccentrics 1n` y their adjusted positions. Theouter ends of ,mixture that passes chambers, 'ploded 1n slightly fromthe. positions shown in Fig. 8; the pressure ofi the explosive mixtureagainst the regulat-.-` spring" valve 32 serves to close the connectionbe-V tween the conduit 39 and the exhaust-.port 38j. The va1ve-faces 81and 82 upon the opposite sides of the openings and 56 from thevalve-faces 79 and 80 serve to hold the exhaust from passing to thespring-chambers and 35. (See Figs. 4 and 5.) The valve-faces .77, 80 and82 are peripheral on making the passages 54 and 5G; and likewise' thevalve-faces 78, 79 and 81 are left on making the passages 53 and Pocketst 3 and 84 are `formed at the ends of the valve-chamber 21, and thevalve eX- haust port 85 leading outwardly from the pocket 83 serves as arelief or exhaust port for the main valve 13; there being an open` ing8G leading through the valve 13 to connect the pocket 84 to the pocket83 so that the' pressure from both ends of the valve exhausts throughthe valve exhaust port 85. Vvhen the valve 31 moves inwardly to releasethe exhaust. from Athe explosion-chamber 33 and the main valve 13 movesback` wardly, the compressed explosive mixture in the port 36 es apesthrough the pocket 83 to the valve-exhaust-port 85. The explosivemixture continues to flow into the eX- plosion-chamber 34 until thevalve-face 77 contacts with the. cylinder 44, thereby shutting olf theforce of the air-compressor and trapping the gas in the explosionchamber, as shown in Fig. 10. This outward move- 4mentot' the valve 32operates the connecting-rod 60 to operate the igniter and cause theexplosion. Then the piston 8 moves forwardlyQhitsthe tappet 14, movingthe main v shutting off the air-presvsure and allowing the valve 32 tolnove forwardly. thereby7 opening the exhaust, as

In practical operation the air-compressor 39 forces air through theair-'line-"17 past the carbureter, to the supplyeport- 15. and

; startsthe machine as a pneumatic-tool. The

rarburetep introduces gas into t-hecompressed air, thereby producing anexplosive thence to the explosion and is trapped, ignited andexrapidsucee'ssion. The handles (i7 and 68 are independently operabletoregulate "the force of' each explosion chamber separately. Thecarhureter is adjustable to regulate the flow of gas to the air. 'Thuswe have combined with a pneumatic tool, means of introducing gas intothe compressed air,

y means of' trapping the gas in theexplqsion chambers, means foradjusting the pressure in each explosion chamber independent-.of g, theother, and means for igniting the gas in the explosion chambers; thetool being adapted for starting as easily. as an airdrill'and forcontinuous operation with the power of a gas engine. The fuel used maybet-gas' made in a carbureter operated and co-ntrolled bythe compressedair, or may be natural or domestic gas, sr..gas from any source ottsupply. Any suit-able means for trapping the gas in theexplosionchambers and igniter shall be controlled and operated .by thecompressed explosive mixture. We havealso provided means for adjustingand lzoregulating the tio-w of gas into the compressed air, and meansfor adjusting and.'

pistons and cylinders, one movable with re lation to t-he other tooperate a Work-per:

forming member.

Our invention maybe applied t'o machines -as now in use withair-compressors derivingtheir power from a steam-plant or from any othersuitable source; but in new work an electric-motor and air-compressormay be new plant we will have a pneumatic tool, means for introducinggas to increase the power ofthe pneumatic tool, and a lcomparativelysmall gas or electric air-compressor furnishing compressed air direct tot-he tool. lIt is obvious that the tool will Astart and operate from thecompressed air alone. By the vintroduction of gas and by adjusting andiegulating .the gas, the powergof agiven machine may be increased manytimes, and

to any desired extent within the range.

We claim: y 1."I n an internal-combustion power device, the combinationof a supplier forexplosive fluid under pressure, a piston-cylinderhaving an inlet port and a passage communicating with said port, meansfor div recting explosive fluid frompthe supplier intermittently/intosai-d passage, and a regulator-valvey governing said port and exposed tovpressure' from said supplier in said passage to/ move when the pressureagainst it exceeds a predetermined limit to close said ,/'POrt .i [2. Inan 'internal-combustion power demay be employed, and any suitableifg-igniterY may be employed. We prefer that'the valves substituted forthe old systems so that in a incassov vice, the combination ot asupplier for ex- ,plosive fluid under pressure, a piston-cylinder havinga port, a passage communicating with said port and an exhaust opening,

means for/directing explosive fluid from the supplier intermittentlyinto said passage, anda regulator-valve normally closing said passageand opening communication hctween saidport and exhaust and exposed topressure from said supplier in said passage to be moved thereby to`first close the exhaust and open saidport to the supplier and then, byfurther movement, -to close said port Y' and trap the charge in thecylinder.

3. In anV internal-combustion power device, the combination of asupplier for explosive Huid under pressure, a' piston-cylinder having aninlet port and a passage communicating with said port, means fordirecting explosive iiuid from the supplier intermittently into. saidpassage, and a springpressed regulator-valve governing said port andexposed to pressure from said supplier vin said passage to move when thepressure against it exceeds the resistance of its spring to clcsesaidport and trap the charge in the cylinder.

, 4. In an internal-combustion power device, the-combination of -asupplier for explosive fluid under pressure, a piston-cylinder havingaport, a passage communicating with said port and an exhaust opening,means for directing explosive fiuid from the supplier intermittentlyinto said passage, and a spring-pressed regulator-valve normally closingsaid passage and opening com- Amunication between said port and exhaust,

an'dexposed to pressure from said supplier in said passagefto be movedthereby against the resistanceof its spring to rst .close the exhaustand open said port to the supplier and then, by further movement, toclose said port and trap the charge in the cylinder.

5. In an internal-combustion' power device, the' combination of asupplier for explosive tiuid under pressure, a piston-cylinder having aport, a passage communicating with said port yand an exhaust opening,

means for directing explosive fiuid from the supplier intermittentlyinto said passage, and

l a spring-pressed regulator-valve normally closing said passage `andopening communication betweenv said port and exhaust and exposed topressure from said supplier in saidlv passage to be moved thereby tofirstclose the exhaust and open said port to the supplier, and then, byfurther movement, to `close said port and trap the charge in thecylinder, and means for changing the tension of said` spring to varyAthe pressure of the explosive'charge in the cylinder, for the purposeset forth.

6. In an internal-combustion power-device, the combination with acylinder having anhinlet passage and .an exhaust-port, a piston in thecylinder', fluid under pressure, cylinder, and intermittingly-actuatedmeans for directing the fluid from the supplier through said passageulator-valve mechanism interposed in sald passage in the path of saidfluid to the cylinder vgoverning -t-he opening and closing of saidpassage and operatively connected with said igniter to actuate the sameand operating under. pressure from the supplier when t-he same isdirected to said passage and after the charge has entered the cylinderto close said passage and actuate the igniter.

7. In an internal-combustion power device, the combination 'of asupplier for explosive fluid under pressure, a piston-cylinder having aninlet port and a vpassage comc municating with said port, means fordirecting explosive fluid'from the supplier intermittently into saidpassage, an lgniter, a regulator-valve, operatively connected With theigniter, governing sald -port and ex- -posed to pressure from saidsupplier in said passage' to move when the pressure against it exceedsapredetermined limit to4 close said ,port and actuate the igniter. L

8. In an internal-combustion power device, the` combination of asupplier for ex- Vplosive Huid under pressure, a piston-cylin- 'erhavina ort a ass-ave communicatin ith said port and an exhaust opening, ajiarge-igniter 1n the cylinder, means for fail-eating explosive Huidfrom-th supplier Jntermittently into said passage, and a regu-.

la tor-valve, operatively connected with the igniter, normally closingsaid passage and a supplier for explosive .A

@anni a charge-lgniter in *tlmv and e; 'saidsupplier in said passage tobe moved 40 tothe cylinder, of regc -eommunication between said portaust, and exposed to pressure from thereby to first close' the'exhaustand open said; port to the supplier, and then, by further movement,close said port, to trap the' charge in the cylinder, and actutegthe ig-9. In van internal-combustion device, 'the combinationof a supplier forexplosive fluid under pressure, a pistonecylinder having a port, apassage vcommunicating with said port and an exhaust opening, acharge-igni- `50 ter in the cylinder, means for directlng explosive uidfrom the supplier intermit ltently into said passage, a spring-pressedregulator-Valve, operatively connected ywith the igniter, normallyclosing said passage' and opening communication between said port andexhaust, and exposed to pressure from said supplier insaid passage to bemoved thereby against the resistance of its spring,

to rstclose the exhaust and open said port `to the supplier, and then,by further movement, close said port, to trap the charge in the.cylinder, and actuate the igniter, and means for changing the tensionof. said spring. v In testimony whereof, We have hereunto set our handsat Los Angeles, California,l this 1st day of August, 1908.

OTHO C. DURYEA. MORRIS C. WHITE.

In presence of- JAMES R. ToWNsEND,

BEULAH ToWNsEND.

Copies of this patent may be obtainedl lfor five centsl each, byaddressing the Commissionerl of Patents, Washington, D. C.

